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Human rights are not a Western value or an Eastern value—they are universal values. Every nation, every culture, every religion must uphold the inherent dignity of all people.

Ban Ki-moon

Human Rights Day message, 2013 · Gecheckt op 3 maart 2026
Human rights are not a Western value or an Eastern value—they are universal values. Every nation, every culture, every religion must uphold the inherent dignity of all people.

Analyse

The claim reflects the foundational principle of the UDHR, which was drafted with input from diverse legal and cultural traditions and has been ratified or accepted by all 193 UN member states. While debates persist over *interpretation* or *prioritization* of rights (e.g., individual vs. collective rights), the **universality of human rights as a normative ideal** is enshrined in international law, including treaties like the ICCPR and ICESCR. Ban’s statement also echoes prior UN declarations, such as the **Vienna Declaration (1993)**, which reaffirmed universality amid cultural relativist critiques. No evidence suggests his claim was factually incorrect in its framing of rights as a global standard.

Achtergrond

The universality of human rights has been a cornerstone of the UN since its inception, though tensions arise between universalist claims and cultural or political exceptions (e.g., reservations to treaties on grounds of religious law). Ban Ki-moon, as UN Secretary-General (2007–2016), consistently advocated for this principle, including in speeches addressing violations like gender discrimination or authoritarianism. His 2013 message occurred amid ongoing debates over whether rights should be adapted to local contexts—a position the UN officially rejects while acknowledging *implementation* challenges.

Samenvatting verdict

Ban Ki-moon’s 2013 statement aligns with the **Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)**, adopted by the UN in 1948, which explicitly frames rights as universal and inalienable, transcending cultural or regional divisions.

Geraadpleegde bronnen

— United Nations. (1948). *Universal Declaration of Human Rights*. [Article 1: ‘All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.’] (https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights)
— United Nations. (1993). *Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action*, §1. (https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/vienna.aspx)
— UN News. (2013). *Secretary-General’s Message on Human Rights Day*. 10 December 2013. (https://press.un.org/en/2013/sgsm15540.doc.htm)
— Donnelly, J. (2013). *Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice* (3rd ed.). Cornell University Press. [pp. 40–65 on universality vs. relativism]
— UN Treaty Collection. (n.d.). *Status of Ratifications: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)*. (https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4)